India country profile. Geo history

Hello! Today I will tell you about the geohistory of India.

India is the second-most populous country in the world (after China), with an estimated population of 1.36 billion people (in 2019) and, according to UN estimates, its population is expected to overtake China's in 2028 to become the world's most populous nation. The country is subdivided into 28 states and 8 Union Territories.

With an area of 3,287,263 km², India is the 7th largest country in the world, about one-third the size of the USA.

As a rising economic powerhouse and nuclear-armed state, India has emerged as an important regional power. But it is also tackling huge, social, economic and environmental problems.
Capital and largest urban area of India is (New) Delhi; the second largest city is Mumbai. The official languages are Hindi-Urdu and English (the Indian Constitution lists 22 recognized languages).

Some key dates in India's history:
The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, goes back at least 5,000 years. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by European traders beginning in the late 15th century.
1600s - The British arrive and establish trading posts under The British East India Company - by the 1850s they control most of the subcontinent.
1858 - India comes under direct British rule.
1920 - Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi heads a campaign of non-violent protest against British rule which eventually leads to independence.
Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism under Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU led to India's independence in 1947.
The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh.
1974 - India conducts its first underground nuclear test.
1990s - Government initiates a programme of economic liberalisation and reform, opening up the economy to global trade and investment.
2000 - India's population tops one billion.
2014 - Hindu nationalist BJP party scores biggest election victory by any party in 30 years.

India facts

• OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of India
• Capital: New Delhi
• Population 1.3 billion
• Area 3.1 million sq km (1.2 million sq miles), excluding Kashmir
• Major languages Hindi, English and more than 20 other official languages
• Major religions Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism
• Life expectancy 67 years (men), 70 years (women)
• Currency Rupee
• ISO Country Code: IN, IND
• Actual Time: Mon-Mar-16 20:28
• Local Time = UTC +5:30h
• Country Calling Code: +91

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